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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSP-22-017 - Plans - Record - 1200 Airport Drive330' 329' 329'328'327' 326' 325' SD SD SD SD SDGVGVGVGVGVGVGVG G UT UT UT UT UT3"CED(4)8"PINE11"MAP8"PINE5"CED(2)28"MAP8"PINE3"CED(3)8"PINE16"OAKUG TELMARKERVSE223 MAGNAILN 716290.784E 1469746.905EL 329.920VSE224 MAGHUBN 716303.455E 1469684.487EL 326.286AIRPO R T D R I V E X X 40' FROM CL PLANNED R.O.W.DDH YDSSSWVWVSSWVWV GVWVDYH 2134GV GVGVD WVDSSSTBMTop conc.light baseElev. =331.04'TBMNortherly bonnet bolt Elev. =333.02330330SWVAirport Industrial Zoning District Commercial 1 Airport Zoning District330VAN331331331 331331331WVSWVBS12"CMPSPEED LIMIT 25DIR.ONLYCONC MON 2.5'AG UG TELDIR.ONLY6"CPEP12"CMP12"CMP6/6S/74681 4DROPSWARNING FIBER OPTIC3"LOCUSTDIR.ONLYTP-14"METAL12"CMP27"MAPLE6/74680/6 2DROPS/LIMAGHUBSDSDSD AEAEAEUT UT UTAE AE AE AE X SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD 331 331331332 331 331 330315'-6"317'-5"PORTION OF FENCE PREVIOIUSLY APPROVED FOR HERITAGE AVIATION TO BE INSTALLED AS DELINEATED WITHIN PROJECT SCOPE BOUNDARY. TO MATCH APPROVED FENCING PERMITTED FOR BETA & HERITAGE PROPOSED NEW FENCE TO MATCH PREVIOUSLY APPROVED FENCING @ HERITAGE & BETA HERITAGE AVIATION POSSIBLE FUTURE SIDEWALK 2-AR 2-GT 3-AR EXISTING CEMETERY FENCE ELDRIDGE CEMETERY PROJECT LIMITS PROJECT LIMITS TREE PROTECTION FENCING, TYP. PROPOSED DECIDUOUS TREE EXISTING DECIDUOUS TREE EXISTING EVERGREEN TREE L E G E N D Base Material Uniform Zinc Coating (Hot Dip) Zinc Phosphate Coating Epoxy Primer 1716" 112" FLAT MOUNT Acrylic Topcoat Bracket Options 1112" Varies With Height 2" Nom. 4', 48" Min. Footing Depth 6" 112" MONTAGE PLUS Rail (See Cross- Section Below) TM Post 212" x 16ga.1 34" 18ga Picket 2 RAKING DIRECTIONAL ARROW Welded panel can be raked 30" over 8' with arrow pointing down grade. MONTAGE PLUS RAIL Specially formed high strength architectural shape. TM PROFUSION WELDING PROCESS No exposed welds, Good Neighbor profile - Same appearance on both sides TM MONTAGE PLUS RAILTM E-COAT COATING SYSTEM 2 TYPICAL31516" 8' O.C. Nom. 3 BX111BX112/117BX114 UNIVERSAL BOULEVARDLINE BOULEVARD BRACKETBRACKET BRACKET 3 NOTES: 1.) Post size depends on fence height and wind loads. See MONTAGE PLUS specifications for post sizing chart. 2.) Third rail required for Double Rings. 3.) Available in 3" air space and/or Flush Bottom on most heights. TM Values shown are nominal and not to be used for installation purposes. See product specification for installation requirements. AMERISTAR ASSA ABLOY FENCE PRODUCTS Ameristarfence.com 888.333.3422 PRIIOR TO INSTALLATION, FENCE TO BE STAKED IN THE FIELD WITH CIVIL ENGINEER AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT # DESCRIPTION 1 DESCRIPTION 2 00.00.0000 SCALE OF FEET 20020 40 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE WAGNER HODGSON © WHLA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2020 VT 802.864.0010 JOB NO. SCALE: DRAWN BY: DATE: wagnerhodgson.comNY518.567.1791 NO.DESCRIPTION DATE BURLINGTON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AIRPORT DRIVE, SOUTH BURLINGTON, VT 21-172 430 Warren Street Hudson, NY 12534 PLOT DATE: 2/1/2022 12:07 PMLANDSCAPE PLAN EAST AIRPORT DRIVE PHASE I 1"=20' CO 02.01.2022 L100 1 N.T.S. ORNAMENTAL FENCE DETAIL- AMERISTAR MONTAGE PLUS, MAJESTIC STYLE 330' 329' 329'328'327' 326' 325' SD SD SD SD SDGVGVGVGVGVGVGVG G UT UT UT UT UT3"CED(4)8"PINE11"MAP8"PINE5"CED(2)28"MAP8"PINE3"CED(3)8"PINE16"OAKUG TELMARKERVSE223 MAGNAILN 716290.784E 1469746.905EL 329.920VSE224 MAGHUBN 716303.455E 1469684.487EL 326.286AIRPO R T D R I V E X X 40' FROM CL PLANNED R.O.W.DDH YDSSSWVWVSSWVWV GVWVDYH 2134GV GVGVD WVDSSS330330SWVAirport Industrial Zoning District Commercial 1 Airport Zoning District330VAN331331331 331331331WVSWVBS12"CMPSPEED LIMIT 25DIR.ONLYCONC MON 2.5'AG UG TELDIR.ONLY6"CPEP12"CMP12"CMP6/6S/74681 4DROPSWARNING FIBER OPTIC3"LOCUSTDIR.ONLYTP-14"METAL12"CMP27"MAPLE6/74680/6 2DROPS/LIMAGHUBSDSDSD AEAEAEUT UT UTAE AE AE AE X SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD TREE PROTECTION FENCING, TYP. EXISTING TREE TO BE PROTECTED 6' LENGTH LUG-U-POST 12 GAUGE STEEL W/ GREEN BAKED ENAMEL NOTE: NYLON ZIP TIES (3 PER POST) TO SECURE MESH TO TABS ON POST HIGH DENSITY POLYETHELENE 3200 PSI, ORANGE MESH WITH NOMINAL OPENINGS, 3 1/2" x 1 1/2" EXISTING GRADE TREE PROTECTION SIGN, MIN. 1' SQ. TO BE PLACED ON EACH SIDE OF FENCING OR EVERY 16' O.C. OF LINEAR FENCE. SECURE TO MESH WITH (4) NYLON ZIP TIES 4'-0" MIN.3'-0" MIN.2'-0"4'-0" TYP. 8'-0" MAX. TREE PROTECTION SPECIFICATIONS: 1. Locate and clearly identify trees to remain. Flag each trunk at 54 inches above the ground. 2. Protect tree root systems from damage caused by runoff or spillage of noxious materials while mixing, placing, or storing construction materials. Protect root systems from ponding, eroding, or excessive wetting caused by dewatering operations. TREE AND PLANT PROTECTION ZONES 1. Protection-Zone Fencing: Install protection-zone fencing at the Critical Root Radius - a distance of 1' per every inch diameter of tree diameter measured at DBH (diameter @ breast height). Install protection-zone fencing along edges of protection zones before materials or equipment are brought on site and construction operations begin in a manner that will prevent people and animals from easily entering protected area except by entrance gates. Construct fencing so as not to obstruct safe passage or visibility at vehicle intersections where fencing is located adjacent to pedestrian walkways or in close proximity to street intersections, drives or other vehicular circulation. a. Plastic Protection-Zone Fencing: Install to comply with manufacturer's written instructions. b. Posts: Set or drive posts into ground one-third the total height of the fence without concrete footings. Where a post is located on existing paving or concrete to remain, provide appropriate means of post support acceptable to Landscape Architect. 2. Maintain protection zones free of weeds and trash. 3. Repair or replace trees to remain or be relocated that are damaged by construction operations, in a manner approved by the Landscape Architect. a. Do not remove protection-zone fencing, even temporarily, to allow deliveries or equipment access through the protection zone. b. Temporary access is permitted subject to pre-approval in writing by arborist if a root buffer effective against soil compaction is constructed as directed by arborist. Maintain root buffer so long as access is permitted. ROOT PRUNING 1. Prune roots that are affected by temporary and permanent construction. Prune roots as follows: a. Cut roots manually by digging a trench and cutting exposed roots with sharp pruning instruments: do not break, tear, chop or slant the cuts. Do not use a backhoe or other equipment that rips, tears or pulls roots. b. Cut Ends: Do not paint cut root ends c. Temporarily support and protect roots from damage until t hey are permanently redirected and covered with soil. d. Cover exposed roots with burlap and water regularly. e. Backfill as soon as possible. 2. Root Pruning at Edge of Protection Zone: Prune roots flush with the edge of the protection zone, b y cleanly cutting all roots to the depth of the required excavation. 3. Root Pruning within Protection Zone: Clear and excavate by hand to the depth of the required excavation to minimize damage to root systems. use narrow-tine spading forks, comb soil to expose roots, and cleanly cut roots as close to excavation as possbile. CROWN PRUNING 1. Prune branches that are affected by temporary and permanent construction. Prune branches as follows: a. Prune trees to remain to compensate for root loss caused by damaging or cutting root system. Provide subsequent maintenance during Contract period as recommended by arborist. b. Pruning Standards: Prune trees according to ANSI A300 (Part1). c. Cut branches with sharp pruning instruments; do not break or chop. d, Do not apply pruning paint to wounds. 2. Chip removed branches and dispose of off-site. REGRADING 1. Lowering Grade: Where new finish grade is indicted below existing grade around trees, slope grade beyond the protection zone. Maintain existing grades within the protection zone. 2. Lowering Grade within Protection Zone: Where new finish grade is indicated below existing grade around trees, slope grade away from trees as recommended by arborist unless otherwise indicated. a. Root Pruning: Prune tree roots exposed by lowering the grade. Do not cut main lateral roots or taproots; cut only smaller roots. Cut roots as required for root pruning. 3. Raising Grade; Where new finish grade is indicated above existing grade around trees, slope grade beyond the protection zone. Maintain existing grades within the protection zone. NOTE: If Contractor fails to enforce tree protection measures, resulting in damage and loss of tree(s), Contractor shall replace tree(s) with a 4" caliper substitute at the Contractors Expense in addition to liquidated damages. # DESCRIPTION 1 DESCRIPTION 2 00.00.0000 SCALE OF FEET 20020 40 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE WAGNER HODGSON © WHLA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2020 VT 802.864.0010 JOB NO. SCALE: DRAWN BY: DATE: wagnerhodgson.comNY518.567.1791 NO.DESCRIPTION DATE BURLINGTON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AIRPORT DRIVE, SOUTH BURLINGTON, VT 21-172 430 Warren Street Hudson, NY 12534 PLOT DATE: 2/1/2022 11:45 AMTREE PROTECTION PLAN 1"=20' CO 01.21.2022 L101 1 N.T.S. TREE PROTECTION FENCING DETAIL 3 TIMES THE ROOT BALL DIAMETER MULCH RING, 6'-8' DIA. TREE SET TO BE PLUMB PRUNING SHALL BE DONE AFTER DELIVERY OF PLANTS AND AFTER PLANTS HAVE BEEN INSPECTED AND APPROVED BY THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT. PRUNING PROCEDURES SHALL BE REVIEWED WITH THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT BEFORE PROCEEDING. PRUNING SHALL BE DONE WITH A CLEAN SHARP TOOL. CUTS SHALL BE MADE OUTSIDE OF THE BRANCH COLLAR , LEAVING NO STUBS. NO TREE PAINT SHALL BE USED. DEAD WOOD, SUCKERS AND BROKEN AND BADLY BRUISED BRANCHES SHALL BE REMOVED. 2" MULCH. DO NOT PLACE MULCH IN CONTACT WITH TREE TRUNK. MAINTAIN MULCH WEED-FREE FOR A MIN. OF ONE YEAR AFTER PLANTING. BACKFILL WITH EXISTING SOIL IN SANDY LOAM SOIL, MIX IN 20% COMPOSTED ORGANIC MATERIAL WITH EXISTING SOIL. GENTLY PACK THE BACKFILL, USING WATER TO SETTLE SOIL AND ELIMINATE AIR POCKETS. PLACE ROOT BALL ON UNEXCAVATED OR COMPACTED NEW SUBGRADE TO PREVENT SETTLEMENT. TRUNK PROTECTION, REINFORCED RUBBER HOSE DOUBLE #10 GA. TWISTED GUYING WIRE, 3 PER TREE WITH TURNBUCKLE MARK THE NORTH SIDE OF THE TREE IN THE NURSERY, AND ROTATE TREE TO FACE NORTH AT THE SITE WHENEVER POSSIBLE. EACH TREE MUST BE PLANTED SUCH THAT THE TRUNK FLARE IS VISIBLE AT THE TOP OF THE ROOT BALL. TREES WHERE THE TRUNK FLARE IS NOT VISIBLE SHALL BE REJECTED. DO NOT COVER THE TOP OF THE ROOT BALL WITH SOIL. SET TOP OF MAIN ORDER ROOTS FLUSH TO GRADE OR 1"-2" HIGHER IN SLOWLY DRAINING SOILS. 4" HIGH TEMPORARY SOIL SAUCER BEYOND EDGE OF ROOT BALL. REMOVE ALL TWINE, ROPE, WIRE AND BURLAP FROM TOP HALF OF ROOT BALL, 8" MIN. IF PLANT IS SHIPPED WITH A WIRE BASKET AROUND THE ROOT BALL, CUT THE WIRE BASKET IN FOUR PLACES AND FOLD DOWN 8" INTO PLANTING HOLE. CUT ALL GIRDLING ROOTS. NOTES: 1. REMOVE ALL NON - BIODEGRADABLE MATERIAL FROM PLANT PIT. 2. REMOVE ALL PLANT MATERIAL TAGS, FLAGGING, AND EXTRANEOUS LABELS, ETC. DUCK BILL TREE ANCHOR 3 TIMES THE ROOT BALL DIAMETER MULCH RING, 6'-8' DIA. TREE SET TO BE PLUMB DO NOT HEAVILY PRUNE THE TREE AT PLANTING, PRUNE ONLY CROSSOVER LIMBS, CO-DOMINANT LEADERS, AND BROKEN OR DEAD BRANCHES. SOME INTERIOR TWIGS AND LATERAL BRANCHES MAY BE PRUNED; HOWEVER, DO NOT REMOVE THE TERMINAL BUDS OF BRANCHES THAT EXTEND TO THE EDGE OF THE CROWN. 2" MULCH. DO NOT PLACE MULCH IN CONTACT WITH TREE TRUNK. MAINTAIN MULCH WEED-FREE FOR A MINIMUM OF ONE YEAR AFTER PLANTING. BACKFILL WITH EXISTING SOIL IN SANDY LOAM SOIL, MIX IN 20% COMPOSTED ORGANIC MATERIAL WITH EXISTING SOIL. GENTLY PACK THE BACKFILL, USING WATER TO SETTLE SOIL AND ELIMINATE AIR POCKETS. PLACE ROOT BALL ON UNEXCAVATED OR COMPACTED SUBGRADE TO PREVENT SETTLEMENT. TRUNK PROTECTION, REINFORCED RUBBER HOSE DOUBLE #10 GA. TWISTED GUYING WIRE, 3 PER TREE WITH TURNBUCKLE MARK THE NORTH SIDE OF THE TREE IN THE NURSERY, AND ROTATE TREE TO FACE NORTH AT THE SITE WHENEVER POSSIBLE. EACH TREE MUST BE PLANTED SUCH THAT THE TRUNK FLARE IS VISIBLE AT THE TOP OF THE ROOT BALL. TREES WHERE THE TRUNK FLARE IS NOT VISIBLE SHALL BE REJECTED. DO NOT COVER THE TOP OF THE ROOT BALL WITH SOIL. SET TOP OF MAIN ORDER ROOTS FLUSH TO GRADE OR 1"-2" HIGHER IN SLOWLY DRAINING SOILS. 4" HIGH TEMPORARY SOIL SAUCER BEYOND EDGE OF ROOT BALL. REMOVE ALL TWINE, ROPE, WIRE AND BURLAP FROM TOP HALF OF ROOT BALL, 8" MIN. IF PLANT IS SHIPPED WITH A WIRE BASKET AROUND THE ROOT BALL, CUT THE WIRE BASKET IN FOUR PLACES AND FOLD DOWN 8" INTO PLANTING HOLE. CUT ALL GIRDLING ROOTS. NOTES: 1. REMOVE ALL NON - BIODEGRADABLE MATERIAL FROM PLANT PIT. 2. REMOVE ALL PLANT MATERIAL TAGS, FLAGGING, AND EXTRANEOUS LABELS, ETC. 3 TIMES THE ROOT BALL DIAMETER 2" MULCH. DO NOT PLACE MULCH IN CONTACT WITH SHRUB TRUNK. MAINTAIN MULCH WEED-FREE FOR A MINIMUM OF ONE YEAR AFTER PLANTING. BACKFILL WITH EXISTING SOIL IN SANDY LOAM SOIL, MIX IN 20% COMPOSTED ORGANIC MATERIAL WITH EXISTING SOIL. GENTLY PACK THE BACKFILL, USING WATER TO SETTLE SOIL AND ELIMINATE AIR POCKETS. PLACE ROOT BALL ON UNEXCAVATED OR COMPACTED SUBGRADE TO PREVENT SETTLEMENT. PRUNE TO REMOVE DEAD AND DAMAGED STEMS. MAINTAIN NATURAL SHAPE OF PLANT. DO NOT SHEAR PLANT 4" HIGH TEMPORARY SOIL SAUCER BEYOND EDGE OF ROOT BALL. REMOVE ALL TWINE, ROPE, WIRE AND BURLAP FROM TOP HALF OF ROOT BALL, 8" MIN. IF PLANT IS SHIPPED WITH A WIRE BASKET AROUND THE ROOT BALL, CUT THE WIRE BASKET IN FOUR PLACES AND FOLD DOWN 8" INTO PLANTING HOLE. CUT ALL GIRDLING ROOTS. SHRUB SET TO BE PLUMB NOTES: 1. REMOVE ALL NON - BIODEGRADABLE MATERIAL FROM PLANT PIT. 2. REMOVE ALL PLANT MATERIAL TAGS, FLAGGING, AND EXTRANEOUS LABELS, ETC. SET TOP OF MAIN ORDER ROOTS FLUSH TO GRADE OR 1"-2" HIGHER IN SLOWLY DRAINING SOILS.2"12" MIN.2" LAYER MULCH - DO NOT PLACE MULCH IN CONTACT WITH PLANT STEMS FINISH GRADE GROUNDCOVER, VINE OR PERENNIAL, TYP. TOPSOIL / PLANTING SOIL AMEND PER SOIL TEST RECOMMENDATIONS UNEXCAVATED GROUND OR SUBGRADE SPACING "D"ROW "A"NUMBER OF PLANTS/SQ.FT. 60" O.C.51.96"0.04 48" O.C 41.52"0.07 42" O.C.36.52"0.10 36" O.C.31.20"0.12 30" O.C.26.00"0.18 24" O.C.20.76"0.28 NOTE: QUANTITY OF SHRUBS AND SPACING AS NOTED IN PLANTING SCHEDULE SHRUB SPACING PLANT CENTER PLANT ROW A A D D D D D ALL EQUAL OR AS SHOWN ON PLANTING PLAN JOB NO. SCALE: DRAWN BY: DATE: NO.DESCRIPTION DATE BURLINGTON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AIRPORT DRIVE SOUTH BURLINGTON, VERMONT 21-172 PLOT DATE: 2/1/2022 11:37 AM© WHLA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2022 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE WAGNER HODGSON VT 802.864.0010 wagnerhodgson.comNY518.567.1791 430 Warren Street Hudson, NY 12534 7 Marble Avenue Burlington, VT 05401 LANDSCAPE DETAILS EAST AIRPORT DRIVE - PHASE I AS SHOWN CO 02.01.2022 L200 1 N.T.S. DECIDUOUS TREE PLANTING DETAIL # DESCRIPTION 1 DESCRIPTION 2 00.00.0000 2 N.T.S. EVERGREEN TREE PLANTING DETAIL 3 N.T.S. GROUNDCOVER/PERENNIAL/ ORNAMENTAL GRASS PLANTING 4 N.T.S. SHRUB PLANTING DETAIL 5 N.T.S. PLANT SPACING DETAIL BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329113- 1 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE SECTION 329113 SOIL PREPARATION PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY A. Section includes planting soils specified by composition of the mixes. B. Related Requirements: 1. Section 311000 "Site Clearing" for topsoil stripping and stockpiling. 1.2 DEFINITIONS A. Duff Layer: A surface layer of soil, typical of forested areas, that is composed of mostly decayed leaves, twigs, and detritus. B. Imported Soil: Soil that is transported to Project site for use. C. Manufactured Soil: Soil produced by blending soils, sand, stabilized organic soil amendments, and other materials to produce planting soil. D. Planting Soil: Existing, on-site soil; imported soil; or manufactured soil that has been modified as specified with soil amendments and perhaps fertilizers to produce a soil mixture best for plant growth. E. Subgrade: Surface or elevation of subsoil remaining after excavation is complete, or the top surface of a fill or backfill before planting soil is placed. F. Subsoil: Soil beneath the level of subgrade; soil beneath the topsoil layers of a naturally occurring soil profile, typified by less than 1 percent organic matter and few soil organisms. G. Surface Soil: Soil that is present at the top layer of the existing soil profile. In undisturbed areas, surface soil is typically called "topsoil"; but in disturbed areas such as urban environments, the surface soil can be subsoil. H. USCC: U.S. Composting Council. 1.3 PREINSTALLATION MEETINGS A. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site. 1.4 ACTION SUBMITTALS A. Product Data: For each type of product. B. Sustainable Design Submittals: 1. Environmental Product Declaration (EPD): For each product. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329113- 2 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE C. Samples: For each bulk-supplied material in sealed containers labeled with content, source, and date obtained; providing an accurate representation of composition, color, and texture. 1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS A. Field quality-control reports. 1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Testing Agency Qualifications: An independent, state-operated, or university-operated laboratory; experienced in soil science, soil testing, and plant nutrition; with the experience and capability to conduct the testing indicated; and that specializes in types of tests to be performed. 1. Laboratories: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide testing by one of the following: a. Connecticut: Soil Nutrient Analysis Laboratory, University of Connecticut b. Maine: Maine Soil Testing Service, University of Maine c. Massachusetts/Rhode Island: Soil & Plant Tissue Testing Laboratory, University of Massachusetts d. New Hampshire: UNH Cooperative Extension Soil Testing, University of New Hampshire e. New York/Vermont: Cornell Nutrient Analysis Laboratories, Cornell University f. Pennsylvania: Ag. Analytical Ser. Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University g. Vermont: Agricultural and Environmental Testing Lab, University of Vermont h. If state is not listed above, contact cooperative extension office in project’s state. Discuss with Landscape Architect prior to submission. 1.7 PRECONSTRUCTION TESTING A. Preconstruction Testing Service: Engage a qualified testing agency to perform preconstruction soil analyses on existing, on-site soil and imported soil. 1. Notify Landscape Architect seven days in advance of the dates and times when laboratory samples will be taken. B. Preconstruction Soil Analyses: For each unamended soil type, perform testing on soil samples and furnish soil analysis and a written report containing soil-amendment and fertilizer recommendations by a qualified testing agency performing the testing according to "Soil-Sampling Requirements" and "Testing Requirements" articles. 1. Have testing agency identify and label samples and test reports according to sample collection and labeling requirements. C. Additional Project Soil Testing: Provide Landscape Architect with copy of any existing soil tests, including foundation borings for reference and review by Landscape Architect. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329113- 3 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 1.8 SOIL-SAMPLING REQUIREMENTS A. General: Extract soil samples according to requirements in this article. B. Sample Collection and Labeling: Have samples taken and labeled by Contractor in presence of Landscape Architect, under the direction of the testing agency. 1. Number and Location of Samples: Follow direction of testing agency for quantity and location of samples for each soil to be used or amended for landscaping purposes. 2. Procedures and Depth of Samples: a. Follow directions from testing agency for recommended sample-collection method. b. Or according to: According to USDA-NRCS's "Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (available online) 3. Labeling: Label each sample with the date, location keyed to a site plan or other location system, visible soil condition, and sampling depth. 1.9 TESTING REQUIREMENTS: EXISTING ON-SITE SURFACE SOIL A. General: Perform tests on soil samples according to requirements in this article. B. Physical Testing: 1. Soil Texture: Soil-particle, size-distribution analysis by one of the following methods according to SSSA's "Methods of Soil Analysis - Part 1-Physical and Mineralogical Methods": a. Sieving Method: Report sand-gradation percentages for very coarse, coarse, medium, fine, and very fine sand; and fragment-gradation (gravel) percentages for fine, medium, and coarse fragments; according to USDA sand and fragment sizes. b. Hydrometer Method: Report percentages of sand, silt, and clay. 2. Total Porosity: Calculate using particle density and bulk density according to SSSA's "Methods of Soil Analysis - Part 1-Physical and Mineralogical Methods." C. Chemical Testing: 1. CEC: Analysis by sodium saturation at pH 7 according to SSSA's "Methods of Soil Analysis - Part 3- Chemical Methods." . 2. Metals Hazardous to Human Health: Test for presence and quantities of RCRA metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, copper, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, lithium, and vanadium. If RCRA metals are present, include recommendations for corrective action. 3. Phytotoxicity: Test for plant-available concentrations of phytotoxic minerals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chlorides, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, lithium, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, sodium, strontium, tin, titanium, vanadium, and zinc. D. Fertility Testing: Soil-fertility analysis according to standard laboratory protocol of SSSA NAPT NEC-67 including the following: 1. Percentage of organic matter. 2. CEC, calcium percent of CEC, and magnesium percent of CEC. 3. Soil reaction (acidity/alkalinity pH value). 4. Buffered acidity or alkalinity. 5. Nitrogen ppm. 6. Phosphorous ppm. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329113- 4 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 7. Potassium ppm. 8. Manganese ppm. 9. Manganese-availability ppm. 10. Zinc ppm. 11. Zinc availability ppm. 12. Copper ppm. 13. Sodium ppm and sodium absorption ratio. 14. Soluble-salts ppm. 15. Presence and quantities of problem materials including salts and metals cited in the Standard protocol. If such problem materials are present, provide additional recommendations for corrective action. 16. Other deleterious materials, including their characteristics and content of each. E. Recommendations: Based on the test results, state recommendations for soil treatments and soil amendments to be incorporated to produce satisfactory planting soil suitable for healthy, viable plants indicated. Submit results of soil test for review by landscape architect. As approved by landscape architect, follow recommendations for each plant-type as listed in plans. 1.10 TESTING REQUIREMENTS: IMPORTED, NATURALLY FORMED SOIL A. General: Perform tests on soil samples according to requirements in this article. B. Physical Testing: 1. Soil Texture: Soil-particle, size-distribution analysis by one of the following methods according to SSSA's "Methods of Soil Analysis - Part 1-Physical and Mineralogical Methods": a. Sieving Method: Report sand-gradation percentages for very coarse, coarse, medium, fine, and very fine sand; and fragment-gradation (gravel) percentages for fine, medium, and coarse fragments; according to USDA sand and fragment sizes. b. Hydrometer Method: Report percentages of sand, silt, and clay. C. Chemical Testing: 1. CEC: Analysis by sodium saturation at pH 7 according to SSSA's "Methods of Soil Analysis - Part 3- Chemical Methods." 2. Metals Hazardous to Human Health: Test for presence and quantities of RCRA metals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, copper, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, lithium, and vanadium. If RCRA metals are present, include recommendations for corrective action. 3. Phytotoxicity: Test for plant-available concentrations of phytotoxic minerals including aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chlorides, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, lithium, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, sodium, strontium, tin, titanium, vanadium, and zinc. D. Fertility Testing: Soil-fertility analysis according to standard laboratory protocol of SSSA NAPT NEC-67 including the following: 1. Percentage of organic matter. 2. CEC, calcium percent of CEC, and magnesium percent of CEC. 3. Soil reaction (acidity/alkalinity pH value). 4. Buffered acidity or alkalinity. 5. Macronutrients 6. Micronutrients 7. Soluble-salts ppm. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329113- 5 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 8. Presence and quantities of problem materials including salts and metals. If such problem materials are present, provide additional recommendations for corrective action. 9. Other deleterious materials, including their characteristics and content of each. E. Recommendations: Based on the test results, state recommendations for soil treatments and soil amendments to be incorporated to produce satisfactory planting soil suitable for healthy, viable plants indicated. Submit results of soil test for review by landscape architect. As approved by landscape architect, follow recommendations for each plant-type as listed in plans. 1.11 COMPOST TESTING A. General: Perform tests according to USCC Seal of Testing (STA) Program: B. Analysis to include, but not limited to: 1. pH 2. Soluble Salt Concentration (electrical conductivity) 3. Nutrient Content 4. Moisture Content 5. Organic Matter Content 6. Particle Size 7. Trace Elements/Heavy Metals (meet US EPA Part 503 Regulations) 1.12 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING A. Packaged Materials: Deliver packaged materials in original, unopened containers showing weight, certified analysis, name and address of manufacturer, and compliance with state and Federal laws if applicable. B. Bulk Materials: 1. Do not dump or store bulk materials near structures, utilities, walkways and pavements, or on existing turf areas or plants. 2. Provide erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of bulk materials, discharge of soil-bearing water runoff, and airborne dust reaching adjacent properties, water conveyance systems, or walkways. 3. Do not move or handle materials when they are wet or frozen. 4. Accompany each delivery of bulk fertilizers and soil amendments with appropriate certificates. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.1 MATERIALS A. Regional Materials: Acquire imported soil and soil amendments and fertilizers within 100 miles (160 km) of Project site from materials that have been extracted, harvested, or recovered, as well as manufactured, within 100 miles (160 km) of Project site. 2.2 PLANTING SOILS SPECIFIED BY COMPOSITION A. Planting-Soil Type: Existing, on-site surface soil, with the duff layer, if any, retained and stockpiled on-site; modified to produce viable planting soil. Blend existing, on-site surface soil with the following soil amendments and fertilizers in the following quantities to produce planting soil: BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329113- 6 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE B. Planting-Soil Type: Imported, naturally formed soil from off-site sources and consisting of sandy loam according to USDA textures; and modified to produce viable planting soil. 1. Sources: Take imported, unamended soil from sources that are naturally well-drained sites where topsoil occurs at least 4 inches (100 mm) deep, not from agricultural land, bogs, or marshes; and that do not contain undesirable organisms; disease-causing plant pathogens; or obnoxious weeds and invasive plants including, but not limited to, quackgrass, Johnsongrass, poison ivy, nutsedge, nimblewill, Canada thistle, bindweed, bentgrass, wild garlic, ground ivy, perennial sorrel, and bromegrass. 2. Additional Properties of Imported Soil before Amending: Soil reaction of pH 6 to 7 and 5 – 7 percent organic-matter content, friable, and with sufficient structure to give good tilth and aeration. 3. Unacceptable Properties: Clean soil of the following: a. Unacceptable Materials: Concrete slurry, concrete layers or chunks, cement, plaster, building debris, oils, gasoline, diesel fuel, paint thinner, turpentine, tar, roofing compound, acid, and other extraneous materials that are harmful to plant growth. b. Unsuitable Materials: Stones, roots, plants, sod, clay lumps, and pockets of coarse sand that exceed a combined maximum of 8 percent by dry weight of the imported soil. c. Large Materials: Stones, clods, roots, clay lumps, and pockets of coarse sand exceeding 2 inches (50 mm) in any dimension. 4. Amended Soil Composition: Blend imported, unamended soil with soil amendments and fertilizers in quantities as recommended by soil test agency to produce planting soil. 2.3 INORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS A. Lime: ASTM C602, agricultural liming material containing a minimum of 80 percent calcium carbonate equivalent and as follows: 1. Class: T, with a minimum of 99 percent passing through a No. 8 (2.36-mm) sieve and a minimum of 75 percent passing through a No. 60 (0.25-mm) sieve. 2. Form: Provide lime in form of ground dolomitic limestone, calcitic limestone, or mollusk shells per soil test recommendations. Note: using dolomitic lime is preferred when both pH and magnesium adjustments are needed; Calctic lime is most appropriate when levels of magnesium are already sufficient; Mollusk shells are most appropriate when Calctic lime is needed (Soil Testing Handbook for Professionals in Agriculture, Horticulture, Nutrient and Residuals Management, University of Maine, 1997; page 29). B. Sulfur: Granular, biodegradable, and containing a minimum of 90 percent elemental sulfur, with a minimum of 99 percent passing through a No. 6 (3.35-mm) sieve and a maximum of 10 percent passing through a No. 40 (0.425-mm) sieve. C. Iron Sulfate: Granulated ferrous sulfate containing a minimum of 20 percent iron and 10 percent sulfur. D. Perlite: Horticultural perlite, soil amendment grade. E. Agricultural Gypsum: Minimum 90 percent calcium sulfate, finely ground with 90 percent passing through a No. 50 (0.30-mm) sieve. F. Sand: Clean, washed, natural or manufactured, free of toxic materials, and according to ASTM C33/C33M. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329113- 7 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 2.4 ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS A. Compost: Well-composted, stable, and weed-free organic matter produced by composting feedstock, and bearing USCC's "Seal of Testing Assurance," and as follows: 1. Feedstock: Limited to leaves. 2. Reaction: pH of 6.5 to 7.4. 3. Soluble-Salt Concentration: Less than 2.5 dS/m. 4. Moisture Content: 35 to 55 percent by weight. 5. Organic-Matter Content: 30 to 40 percent of dry weight. 6. Particle Size: Minimum of 98 percent passing through a 1-inch (25-mm) sieve. B. Wood Derivatives: Shredded and composted, nitrogen-treated sawdust, ground bark, or wood waste; of uniform texture and free of chips, stones, sticks, soil, or toxic materials. C. Manure: Well-rotted, unleached, stable or cattle manure containing not more than 25 percent by volume of straw, sawdust, or other bedding materials; free of toxic substances, stones, sticks, soil, weed seed, debris, and material harmful to plant growth. 2.5 FERTILIZERS A. Superphosphate: Commercial, phosphate mixture, soluble; in amounts recommended in soil reports from a qualified testing agency. B. Commercial Fertilizer: Commercial-grade complete fertilizer of neutral character, consisting of fast- and slow-release nitrogen, 50 percent derived from natural organic sources of urea formaldehyde, phosphorous, and potassium in the following composition: 1. Composition: Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in amounts recommended in soil reports from a qualified testing agency. C. Slow-Release Fertilizer: Granular or pelleted fertilizer consisting of 50 percent water-insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the following composition: 1. Composition: Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in amounts recommended in soil reports from a qualified testing agency. PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.1 GENERAL A. Place planting soil and fertilizers according to requirements in other Specification Sections. B. Verify that no foreign or deleterious material or liquid such as paint, paint washout, concrete slurry, concrete layers or chunks, cement, plaster, oils, gasoline, diesel fuel, paint thinner, turpentine, tar, roofing compound, or acid has been deposited in planting soil. 3.2 EXAMINATION OF SUBGRADE A. The subgrade shall be examined by the Contractor prior to the start of subgrade preparation, soil placement and planting. Any deficiencies shall be noted and relayed to the Landscape architect in writing prior to acceptance of the subgrade by the Landscape Contractor. Deficiencies include, but shall not be limited to: BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329113- 8 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 1. Construction debris present within the planting areas. 2. The subgrade is at incorrect depths for installing the designed soil profile and drainage layer. 3. Incomplete irrigation and/or subsurface drainage installation. 4. Incomplete lighting and exterior electrical installation. 5. Conflict with underground utilities. 6. Subgrade contaminated with oils, compressible material, silt or clay. 7. Subgrade must infiltrate water at the rate of at least one inch per hour. 3.3 PREPARATION OF UNAMENDED, ON-SITE SOIL BEFORE AMENDING A. Excavation: Excavate soil from designated area(s) to a depth of 6 inches (150 mm) and stockpile until amended. B. Unacceptable Materials: Clean soil of concrete slurry, concrete layers or chunks, cement, plaster, building debris, oils, gasoline, diesel fuel, paint thinner, turpentine, tar, roofing compound, acid, and other extraneous materials that are harmful to plant growth. C. Unsuitable Materials: Clean soil to contain a maximum of 8 percent by dry weight of stones, roots, plants, sod, clay lumps, and pockets of coarse sand. D. Screening: Pass unamended soil through a 2-inch (50-mm) sieve to remove large materials. 3.4 PLACING AND MIXING PLANTING SOIL OVER EXPOSED SUBGRADE A. General: Apply and mix unamended soil with amendments on-site to produce required planting soil. Do not apply materials or till if existing soil or subgrade is frozen, muddy, or excessively wet. B. Subgrade Preparation: Till subgrade to a minimum depth of 8 inches (200 mm). Remove stones larger than 2 inches (50 mm) in any dimension and sticks, roots, rubbish, and other extraneous matter and legally dispose of them off Owner's property. C. Mixing: Spread unamended soil to total depth as identified by plant type in Section 329300 “Plants”, but not less than required to meet finish grades after mixing with amendments and natural settlement. Do not spread if soil or subgrade is frozen, muddy, or excessively wet. 1. Amendments: Apply soil amendments and fertilizer, if required, evenly on surface, and thoroughly blend them with unamended soil to produce planting soil. a. Mix lime and sulfur, if required, with dry soil before mixing fertilizer. b. Mix fertilizer with planting soil no more than seven days before planting. c. Mix compost with top 8-12” of planting soil. 2. Lifts: Apply planting soil in lifts not exceeding 8 inches (200 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by compaction equipment, and not more than 4 inches (100 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers. A. Compaction: Compact each lift of planting soil to 75 percent of maximum Standard Proctor density according to ASTM D698 except where a different compaction value is indicated on Drawings. B. Finish Grading: Grade planting soil to a smooth, uniform surface plane with loose, uniformly fine texture. Roll and rake, remove ridges, and fill depressions to meet finish grades. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329113- 9 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 3.5 PLACING MANUFACTURED PLANTING SOIL OVER EXPOSED SUBGRADE A. General: Apply manufactured soil on-site in its final, blended condition. Do not apply materials or till if existing soil or subgrade is frozen, muddy, or excessively wet. B. Subgrade Preparation: Till subgrade to a minimum depth of 8 inches (200 mm). Remove stones larger than 2 inches (50 mm) in any dimension and sticks, roots, rubbish, and other extraneous matter and legally dispose of them off Owner's property. C. Application: Spread planting soil to total depth as identified by plant type in Section 329300 “Plants”., but not less than required to meet finish grades after natural settlement. Do not spread if soil or subgrade is frozen, muddy, or excessively wet. 1. Lifts: Apply planting soil in lifts not exceeding 8 inches (200 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by compaction equipment, and not more than 4 inches (100 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers. D. Compaction: Compact each lift of planting soil to 75 percent of maximum Standard Proctor density according to ASTM D698 except where a different compaction value is indicated on Drawings. E. Finish Grading: Grade planting soil to a smooth, uniform surface plane with loose, uniformly fine texture. Roll and rake, remove ridges, and fill depressions to meet finish grades. 3.6 BLENDING PLANTING SOIL IN PLACE A. General: Mix amendments with in-place, unamended soil to produce required planting soil. Do not apply materials or till if existing soil or subgrade is frozen, muddy, or excessively wet. B. Preparation: Till unamended, existing soil in planting areas to a minimum depth as identified by plant type in Section 329300 “Plants”. Remove stones larger than 2 inches (50 mm) in any dimension and sticks, roots, rubbish, and other extraneous matter and legally dispose of them off Owner's property. C. Mixing: Apply soil amendments and fertilizer, if required, evenly on surface, and thoroughly blend them into full depth of unamended, in-place soil to produce planting soil. 1. Mix lime and sulfur, if required, with dry soil before mixing fertilizer. 2. Mix fertilizer with planting soil no more than seven days before planting. 3. Mix compost with top 8-12” of planting soil. D. Compaction: Compact blended planting soil to 75 percent of maximum Standard Proctor density according to ASTM D698 except where a different compaction value is indicated on Drawings. E. Finish Grading: Grade planting soil to a smooth, uniform surface plane with loose, uniformly fine texture. Roll and rake, remove ridges, and fill depressions to meet finish grades. 3.7 PROTECTION AND CLEANING A. Protection Zone: Identify protection zones according to Section 015639 "Temporary Tree and Plant Protection." BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329113- 10 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE B. Protect areas of in-place soil from additional compaction, disturbance, and contamination. Prohibit the following practices within these areas except as required to perform planting operations: 1. Storage of construction materials, debris, or excavated material. 2. Parking vehicles or equipment. 3. Vehicle traffic. 4. Foot traffic. 5. Erection of sheds or structures. 6. Impoundment of water. 7. Excavation or other digging unless otherwise indicated. C. Remove surplus soil and waste material including excess subsoil, unsuitable materials, trash, and debris and legally dispose of them off Owner's property unless otherwise indicated. 1. Dispose of excess subsoil and unsuitable materials on-site where directed by Owner. END OF SECTION 329113 BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329200- 1 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE SECTION 329200 TURF AND GRASSES PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. 1.2 SUMMARY A. Section Includes: 1. Seeding. 2. Hydroseeding. 3. Sodding. 4. Turf renovation. B. Related Requirements: 1. Section 329300 "Plants" for trees, shrubs, ground covers, and other plants as well as border edgings and mow strips. 1.3 DEFINITIONS A. Finish Grade: Elevation of finished surface of planting soil. B. Pesticide: A substance or mixture intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating a pest. Pesticides include insecticides, miticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, and molluscicides. They also include substances or mixtures intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant. C. Pests: Living organisms that occur where they are not desired or that cause damage to plants, animals, or people. Pests include insects, mites, grubs, mollusks (snails and slugs), rodents (gophers, moles, and mice), unwanted plants (weeds), fungi, bacteria, and viruses. D. Planting Soil: Existing, on-site soil; imported soil; or manufactured soil that has been modified with soil amendments and perhaps fertilizers to produce a soil mixture best for plant growth. See Section 329113 "Soil Preparation" and drawing designations for planting soils. E. Subgrade: The surface or elevation of subsoil remaining after excavation is complete, or the top surface of a fill or backfill before planting soil is placed. 1.4 PREINSTALLATION MEETINGS A. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329200- 2 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS A. Qualification Data: For landscape Installer. B. Certification of Grass Seed: From seed vendor for each grass-seed monostand or mixture, stating the botanical and common name, percentage by weight of each species and variety, and percentage of purity, germination, and weed seed. Include the year of production and date of packaging. C. Certification of each seed mixture for turfgrass sod. Include identification of source and name and telephone number of supplier. 1.6 CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS A. Maintenance Data: Recommended procedures to be established by Owner for maintenance of turf and meadows during a calendar year. Submit before expiration of required maintenance periods. 1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Installer Qualifications: A qualified landscape installer whose work has resulted in successful turf and meadow establishment. B. Professional Membership: Installer shall be a member in good standing of either the National Association of Landscape Professionals or AmericanHort. C. Experience: Five years' experience in turf installation in addition to requirements in Section 014000 "Quality Requirements." D. Installer's Field Supervision: Require Installer to maintain an experienced full-time supervisor on Project site when work is in progress. E. Personnel Certifications: Installer's [field supervisor] [personnel assigned to the Work] shall have certification in one of the following categories from the National Association of Landscape Professionals: 1. Landscape Industry Certified Technician - Exterior. 2. Landscape Industry Certified Lawn Care Manager. 3. Landscape Industry Certified Lawn Care Technician. F. Pesticide Applicator: State licensed, commercial. 1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING A. Seed and Other Packaged Materials: Deliver packaged materials in original, unopened containers showing weight, certified analysis, name and address of manufacturer, and indication of compliance with state and Federal laws, as applicable. B. Sod: Harvest, deliver, store, and handle sod according to requirements in "Specifications for Turfgrass Sod Materials" and "Specifications for Turfgrass Sod Transplanting and Installation" sections in TPI's "Guideline Specifications to Turfgrass Sodding." Deliver sod within 24 hours of harvesting and in time for planting promptly. Protect sod from breakage and drying. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329200- 3 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE C. Bulk Materials: D. Do not dump or store bulk materials near structures, utilities, walkways and pavements, or on existing turf areas or plants. E. Provide erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of bulk materials; discharge of soil-bearing water runoff; and airborne dust reaching adjacent properties, water conveyance systems, or walkways. F. Accompany each delivery of bulk materials with appropriate certificates. 1.9 FIELD CONDITIONS A. Planting Restrictions: Plant during one of the following periods. Coordinate planting periods with initial maintenance periods to provide required maintenance from date of Substantial Completion. 1. Spring Planting: April 1 – June 1. 2. Fall Planting: September 15 – November 1 B. Weather Limitations: Proceed with planting only when existing and forecasted weather conditions permit planting to be performed when beneficial and optimum results may be obtained. Apply products during favorable weather conditions according to manufacturer's written instructions. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.1 SEED A. Grass Seed: Fresh, clean, dry, new-crop seed complying with AOSA's "Rules for Testing Seeds" for purity and germination tolerances. B. Seed Species: 1. Quality, Non-State Certified: Seed of grass species as listed below for solar exposure, with not less than 85 percent germination, not less than 95 percent pure seed, and not more than 0.5 percent weed seed: C. Hydro-Seed Lawn Seed Mix: GRASS PROPORTION BY WEIGHT Creeping Red Fescue 40% Perennial Ryegrass 30% Kentucky Bluegrass 30% 2.2 TURFGRASS SOD A. Turfgrass Sod: Number 1 Quality/Premium, including limitations on thatch, weeds, diseases, nematodes, and insects], complying with "Specifications for Turfgrass Sod Materials" in TPI's BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329200- 4 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE "Guideline Specifications to Turfgrass Sodding." Furnish viable sod of uniform density, color, and texture that is strongly rooted and capable of vigorous growth and development when planted. B. Turfgrass Species, Cool-Season Grass: Sod of grass species to match hydroseed mix, with not less than 85 percent germination, not less than 95 percent pure seed, and not more than 0.5 percent weed seed: 2.3 FERTILIZERS A. Commercial Fertilizer: Commercial-grade complete fertilizer of neutral character, consisting of fast- and slow-release nitrogen, 50 percent derived from natural organic sources of urea formaldehyde, phosphorous, and potassium in the following composition: B. Composition: 1. [1 lb/1000 sq. ft. (0.45 kg/92.9 sq. m)] <Insert value> of actual nitrogen, 4 percent phosphorous, and 2 percent potassium, by weight. 2. Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in amounts recommended in soil reports from a qualified soil-testing laboratory. C. Slow-Release Fertilizer: Granular or pelleted fertilizer consisting of 50 percent water-insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the following composition: D. Composition: 1. 20 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorous, and 10 percent potassium, by weight. 2. Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in amounts recommended in soil reports from a qualified soil-testing laboratory. 2.4 MULCHES A. Straw Mulch: Provide air-dry, clean, mildew- and seed-free, salt hay or threshed straw of wheat, rye, oats, or barley. B. Fiber Mulch: Biodegradable, dyed-wood, cellulose-fiber mulch; nontoxic and free of plant-growth or germination inhibitors; with a maximum moisture content of 15 percent and a pH range of 4.5 to 6.5. C. Nonasphaltic Tackifier: Colloidal tackifier recommended by fiber-mulch manufacturer for slurry application; nontoxic and free of plant-growth or germination inhibitors. D. Asphalt Emulsion: ASTM D977, Grade SS-1; nontoxic and free of plant-growth or germination inhibitors. 2.5 PESTICIDES A. General: Pesticide, registered and approved by the EPA, acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, and of type recommended by manufacturer for each specific problem and as required for Project conditions and application. Do not use restricted pesticides unless authorized in writing by authorities having jurisdiction. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329200- 5 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE B. Pre-Emergent Herbicide (Selective and Nonselective): Effective for controlling the germination or growth of weeds within planted areas at the soil level directly below the mulch layer. C. Post-Emergent Herbicide (Selective and Nonselective): Effective for controlling weed growth that has already germinated. 2.6 EROSION-CONTROL MATERIALS A. Erosion-Control Blankets: Biodegradable wood excelsior, straw, or coconut-fiber mat enclosed in a photodegradable plastic mesh. Include manufacturer's recommended steel wire staples, 6 inches (150 mm) long. B. Erosion-Control Fiber Mesh: Biodegradable burlap or spun-coir mesh, a minimum of 0.92 lb/sq. yd. (0.5 kg/sq. m), with 50 to 65 percent open area. Include manufacturer's recommended steel wire staples, 6 inches (150 mm) long. C. Erosion-Control Mats: Cellular, nonbiodegradable slope-stabilization mats designed to isolate and contain small areas of soil over steeply sloped surface, of [-inch (100-mm) nominal mat thickness. Include manufacturer's recommended anchorage system for slope conditions. PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.1 EXAMINATION A. Examine areas to be planted for compliance with requirements and other conditions affecting installation and performance of the Work. B. Verify that no foreign or deleterious material or liquid such as paint, paint washout, concrete slurry, concrete layers or chunks, cement, plaster, oils, gasoline, diesel fuel, paint thinner, turpentine, tar, roofing compound, or acid has been deposited in soil within a planting area. C. Suspend planting operations during periods of excessive soil moisture until the moisture content reaches acceptable levels to attain the required results. D. Uniformly moisten excessively dry soil that is not workable or which is dusty. E. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected. F. If contamination by foreign or deleterious material or liquid is present in soil within a planting area, remove the soil and contamination as directed by Architect and replace with new planting soil. 3.2 PREPARATION A. Protect structures; utilities; sidewalks; pavements; and other facilities, trees, shrubs, and plantings from damage caused by planting operations. B. Protect adjacent and adjoining areas from hydroseeding and hydromulching overspray. C. Protect grade stakes set by others until directed to remove them. D. Install erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of soils and discharge of soil- bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and walkways. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329200- 6 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 3.3 TURF AREA PREPARATION A. General: Prepare planting area for soil placement and mix planting soil according to Section 329113 "Soil Preparation." B. Placing Planting Soil: Place and mix planting soil in place over exposed subgrade. C. Reduce elevation of planting soil to allow for soil thickness of sod. D. Moisten prepared area before planting if soil is dry. Water thoroughly and allow surface to dry before planting. Do not create muddy soil. E. Before planting, obtain Architect's acceptance of finish grading; restore planting areas if eroded or otherwise disturbed after finish grading. 3.4 PREPARATION FOR EROSION-CONTROL MATERIALS A. Prepare area as specified in "Turf Area Preparation" Article. B. For erosion-control mats, install planting soil in two lifts, with second lift equal to thickness of erosion- control mats. Install erosion-control mat and fasten as recommended by material manufacturer. C. Fill cells of erosion-control mat with planting soil and compact before planting. D. For erosion-control blanket or mesh, install from top of slope, working downward, and as recommended by material manufacturer for site conditions. Fasten as recommended by material manufacturer. E. Moisten prepared area before planting if surface is dry. Water thoroughly and allow surface to dry before planting. Do not create muddy soil. 3.5 SEEDING A. Sow seed with spreader or seeding machine. Do not broadcast or drop seed when wind velocity exceeds 5 mph (8 km/h). B. Evenly distribute seed by sowing equal quantities in two directions at right angles to each other. C. Do not use wet seed or seed that is moldy or otherwise damaged. D. Do not seed against existing trees. Limit extent of seed to outside edge of planting saucer. E. Sow seed at a total rate of 4 lb/1000 sq. ft. (1.4 to 1.8 kg/92.9 sq. m). F. Rake seed lightly into top 1/8 inch (3 mm) of soil, roll lightly, and water with fine spray. G. Protect seeded areas with slopes exceeding 1:4 with erosion-control blankets installed and stapled according to manufacturer's written instructions. H. Protect seeded areas with erosion-control mats where indicated on Drawings; install and anchor according to manufacturer's written instructions. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329200- 7 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE I. Protect seeded areas with slopes not exceeding 1:6 by spreading straw mulch. Spread uniformly at a minimum rate of 2 tons/acre (42 kg/92.9 sq. m) to form a continuous blanket 1-1/2 inches (38 mm)] in loose thickness over seeded areas. Spread by hand, blower, or other suitable equipment. J. Anchor straw mulch by crimping into soil with suitable mechanical equipment. K. Bond straw mulch by spraying with asphalt emulsion at a rate of 10 to 13 gal./1000 sq. ft. (38 to 49 L/92.9 sq. m). Take precautions to prevent damage or staining of structures or other plantings adjacent to mulched areas. Immediately clean damaged or stained areas. 3.6 HYDROSEEDING A. Hydroseeding: Mix specified seed, slow-release fertilizer, and fiber mulch in water, using equipment specifically designed for hydroseed application. Continue mixing until uniformly blended into homogeneous slurry suitable for hydraulic application. B. Mix slurry with fiber-mulch manufacturer's recommended tackifier. C. Spray-apply slurry uniformly to all areas to be seeded in a one-step process. Apply slurry at a rate so that mulch component is deposited at not less than 1500-lb/acre (15.6-kg/92.9 sq. m) dry weight, and seed component is deposited at not less than the specified seed-sowing rate. 3.7 SODDING A. Lay sod within 24 hours of harvesting unless a suitable preservation method is accepted by Architect prior to delivery time. Do not lay sod if dormant or if ground is frozen or muddy. B. Lay sod to form a solid mass with tightly fitted joints. Butt ends and sides of sod; do not stretch or overlap. Stagger sod strips or pads to offset joints in adjacent courses. Avoid damage to soil or sod during installation. Tamp and roll lightly to ensure contact with soil, eliminate air pockets, and form a smooth surface. Work sifted soil or fine sand into minor cracks between pieces of sod; remove excess to avoid smothering sod and adjacent grass. C. Lay sod across slopes exceeding 1:3. D. Saturate sod with fine water spray within two hours of planting. During first week after planting, water daily or more frequently as necessary to maintain moist soil to a minimum depth of 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) below sod. 3.8 TURF RENOVATION A. Renovate turf damaged by Contractor's operations, such as storage of materials or equipment and movement of vehicles. B. Reestablish turf where settlement or washouts occur or where minor regrading is required. C. Install new planting soil as required. D. Remove sod and vegetation from diseased or unsatisfactory turf areas; do not bury in soil. E. Remove topsoil containing foreign materials, such as oil drippings, fuel spills, stones, gravel, and other construction materials resulting from Contractor's operations, and replace with new planting soil. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329200- 8 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE F. Mow, dethatch, core aerate, and rake existing turf. G. Remove weeds before seeding. Where weeds are extensive, apply selective herbicides as required. Do not use pre-emergence herbicides. H. Remove waste and foreign materials, including weeds, soil cores, grass, vegetation, and turf, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property. I. Till stripped, bare, and compacted areas thoroughly to a soil depth of 6 inches (150 mm). J. Apply soil amendments and initial fertilizer required for establishing new turf and mix thoroughly into top 4 inches (100 mm) of existing soil. Install new planting soil to fill low spots and meet finish grades. K. Soil Amendment(s): according to requirements of Section 329113 "Soil Preparation." L. Initial Fertilizer: Slow-release fertilizer applied according to manufacturer's recommendations. M. Apply seed and protect with straw mulch as required for new turf. N. Water newly planted areas and keep moist until new turf is established. 3.9 TURF MAINTENANCE A. General: Maintain and establish turf by watering, fertilizing, weeding, mowing, trimming, replanting, and performing other operations as required to establish healthy, viable turf. Roll, regrade, and replant bare or eroded areas and remulch to produce a uniformly smooth turf. Provide materials and installation the same as those used in the original installation. B. Fill in as necessary soil subsidence that may occur because of settling or other processes. Replace materials and turf damaged or lost in areas of subsidence. C. In areas where mulch has been disturbed by wind or maintenance operations, add new mulch and anchor as required to prevent displacement. D. Apply treatments as required to keep turf and soil free of pests and pathogens or disease. Use integrated pest management practices whenever possible to minimize the use of pesticides and reduce hazards. E. Watering: Install and maintain temporary piping, hoses, and turf-watering equipment to convey water from sources and to keep turf uniformly moist to a depth of 4 inches (100 mm). F. Schedule watering to prevent wilting, puddling, erosion, and displacement of seed or mulch. Lay out temporary watering system to avoid walking over muddy or newly planted areas. G. Water turf with fine spray at a minimum rate of 1 inch (25 mm) per week unless rainfall precipitation is adequate. H. Mow turf as soon as top growth is tall enough to cut. Repeat mowing to maintain specified height without cutting more than one-third of grass height. Remove no more than one-third of grass-leaf growth in initial or subsequent mowings. Do not delay mowing until grass blades bend over and become matted. Do not mow when grass is wet. Schedule initial and subsequent mowings to maintain the following grass height: I. Turf Postfertilization: Apply slow-release fertilizer after initial mowing and when grass is dry. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329200- 9 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE J. Use fertilizer that provides actual nitrogen of at least 1 lb/1000 sq. ft. (0.45 kg/92.9 sq. m) to turf area. 3.10 SATISFACTORY TURF A. Turf installations shall meet the following criteria as determined by Architect: B. Satisfactory Seeded Turf: At end of maintenance period, a healthy, uniform, close stand of grass has been established, free of weeds and surface irregularities, with coverage exceeding 90 percent over any 10 sq. ft. (0.92 sq. m) and bare spots not exceeding 5 by 5 inches (125 by 125 mm). C. Satisfactory Sodded Turf: At end of maintenance period, a healthy, well-rooted, even-colored, viable turf has been established, free of weeds, open joints, bare areas, and surface irregularities. D. Use specified materials to reestablish turf that does not comply with requirements, and continue maintenance until turf is satisfactory. 3.11 PESTICIDE APPLICATION A. Apply pesticides and other chemical products and biological control agents according to requirements of authorities having jurisdiction and manufacturer's written recommendations. Coordinate applications with Owner's operations and others in proximity to the Work. Notify Owner before each application is performed. B. Post-Emergent Herbicides (Selective and Nonselective): Apply only as necessary to treat already- germinated weeds and according to manufacturer's written recommendations. 3.12 CLEANUP AND PROTECTION A. Promptly remove soil and debris created by turf work from paved areas. Clean wheels of vehicles before leaving site to avoid tracking soil onto roads, walks, or other paved areas. B. Remove surplus soil and waste material, including excess subsoil, unsuitable soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property. C. Erect temporary fencing or barricades and warning signs as required to protect newly planted areas from traffic. Maintain fencing and barricades throughout initial maintenance period and remove after plantings are established. D. Remove nondegradable erosion-control measures after grass establishment period. 3.13 MAINTENANCE SERVICE A. Turf Maintenance Service: Provide full maintenance by skilled employees of landscape Installer. Maintain as required in "Turf Maintenance" Article. Begin maintenance immediately after each area is planted and continue until acceptable turf is established, but for not less than the following periods: B. Seeded Turf: 60 days from date of Substantial Completion. 1. When initial maintenance period has not elapsed before end of planting season, or if turf is not fully established, continue maintenance during next planting season. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329200- 10 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE C. Sodded Turf: 30 days from date of Substantial Completion. D. Meadow Maintenance Service: Provide full maintenance by skilled employees of landscape Installer. Maintain as required in "Meadow Maintenance" Article. Begin maintenance immediately after each area is planted and continue until acceptable meadow is established, but for not less than maintenance period below. E. Maintenance Period: 60 days from date of Substantial Completion. END OF SECTION 329200 BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 1 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE SECTION 329300 PLANTS SECTION 329300 - PLANTS PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. 1.2 SUMMARY A. Section Includes: 1. Plants. 2. Tree stabilization. 3. Tree-watering devices. 4. Landscape edgings. B. Related Requirements: 1. Section 015639 "Temporary Tree and Plant Protection" for protecting, trimming, pruning, repairing, and replacing existing trees to remain that interfere with, or are affected by, execution of the Work. 2. Section 329200 "Turf and Grasses" for turf (lawn) and meadow planting, hydroseeding, and erosion-control materials. 1.3 DEFINITIONS A. Backfill: The earth used to replace or the act of replacing earth in an excavation. B. Balled and Burlapped Stock: Plants dug with firm, natural balls of earth in which they were grown, with a ball size not less than diameter and depth recommended by ANSI Z60.1 for type and size of plant required; wrapped with burlap, tied, rigidly supported, and drum laced with twine with the root flare visible at the surface of the ball as recommended by ANSI Z60.1. C. Balled and Potted Stock: Plants dug with firm, natural balls of earth in which they are grown and placed, unbroken, in a container. Ball size is not less than diameter and depth recommended by ANSI Z60.1 for type and size of plant required. D. Bare-Root Stock: Plants with a well-branched, fibrous-root system developed by transplanting or root pruning, with soil or growing medium removed, and with not less than the minimum root spread according to ANSI Z60.1 for type and size of plant required. E. Container-Grown Stock: Healthy, vigorous, well-rooted plants grown in a container, with a well- established root system reaching sides of container and maintaining a firm ball when removed from container. Container shall be rigid enough to hold ball shape and protect root mass during shipping and be sized according to ANSI Z60.1 for type and size of plant required. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 2 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE F. Fabric Bag-Grown Stock: Healthy, vigorous, well-rooted plants established and grown in-ground in a porous fabric bag with well-established root system reaching sides of fabric bag. Fabric bag size is not less than diameter, depth, and volume required by ANSI Z60.1 for type and size of plant. G. Finish Grade: Elevation of finished surface of planting soil. H. Pesticide: A substance or mixture intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating a pest. Pesticides include insecticides, miticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, and molluscicides. They also include substances or mixtures intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant. Some sources classify herbicides separately from pesticides. I. Pests: Living organisms that occur where they are not desired or that cause damage to plants, animals, or people. Pests include insects, mites, grubs, mollusks (snails and slugs), rodents (gophers, moles, and mice), unwanted plants (weeds), fungi, bacteria, and viruses. J. Planting Area: Areas to be planted. K. Planting Soil: Existing, on-site soil; imported soil; or manufactured soil that has been modified with soil amendments and perhaps fertilizers to produce a soil mixture best for plant growth. See Section 329113 "Soil Preparation" for drawing designations for planting soils. L. Plant; Plants; Plant Material: These terms refer to vegetation in general, including trees, shrubs, vines, ground covers, ornamental grasses, bulbs, corms, tubers, or herbaceous vegetation. M. Root Flare: Also called "trunk flare." The area at the base of the plant's stem or trunk where the stem or trunk broadens to form roots; the area of transition between the root system and the stem or trunk. N. Stem Girdling Roots: Roots that encircle the stems (trunks) of trees below the soil surface. O. Subgrade: The surface or elevation of subsoil remaining after excavation is complete, or the top surface of a fill or backfill before planting soil is placed. 1.4 COORDINATION A. Coordination with Turf Areas (Lawns): Plant trees, shrubs, and other plants after finish grades are established and before planting turf areas unless otherwise indicated. 1. When planting trees, shrubs, and other plants after planting turf areas, protect turf areas, and promptly repair damage caused by planting operations. 1.5 PREINSTALLATION MEETINGS A. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site. 1.6 ACTION SUBMITTALS A. Plant Product Data: For each type of plant specified: BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 3 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 1. Plant Materials: Include quantities, sizes, quality, and sources for plant materials. 2. Plant Photographs: Include color photographs in digital 3- by 5-inch (76- by 127-mm) print format of each required species and size of plant material as it will be furnished to Project. Take photographs from an angle depicting true size and condition of the typical plant to be furnished. Include a scale rod or other measuring device in each photograph. For species where more than 20 plants are required, include a minimum of three photographs showing the average plant, the best quality plant, and the worst quality plant to be furnished. Identify each photograph with the full scientific name of the plant, plant size, and name of the growing nursery. B. Supplemental Product Data: For each type of product specified. C. Samples for Verification: For each of the following: 1. [Organic] [Compost] Mulch: 1-pint (0.5-L) volume of each organic mulch required; in sealed plastic bags labeled with composition of materials by percentage of weight and source of mulch. Each Sample shall be typical of the lot of material to be furnished; provide an accurate representation of color, texture, and organic makeup. 2. Mineral Mulch: 2 lb (1.0 kg) of each mineral mulch required, in sealed plastic bags labeled with source of mulch. Sample shall be typical of the lot of material to be delivered and installed on-site; provide an accurate indication of color, texture, and makeup of the material. 1.7 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS A. Qualification Data: For landscape Installer. Include list of similar projects completed by Installer demonstrating Installer's capabilities and experience. Include project names, addresses, and year completed, and include names and addresses of owners' contact persons. B. Product Certificates: For each type of manufactured product, from manufacturer, and complying with the following: 1. Manufacturer's certified analysis of standard products. 2. Analysis of other materials by a recognized laboratory made according to methods established by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, where applicable. C. Pesticides and Herbicides: Product label and manufacturer's application instructions specific to Project. D. Sample Warranty: For special warranty. 1.8 CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS A. Maintenance Data: Recommended procedures to be established by Owner for maintenance of plants during a calendar year. Submit before expiration of required maintenance periods. 1.9 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Installer Qualifications: A qualified landscape installer whose work has resulted in successful establishment of plants. 1. Professional Membership: Installer shall be a member in good standing of either the Professional Landcare Network or the American Nursery and Landscape Association. 2. Experience: Five years' experience in landscape installation in addition to requirements in Section 014000 "Quality Requirements." BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 4 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 3. Installer's Field Supervision: Require Installer to maintain an experienced full-time supervisor on Project site when work is in progress. 4. Personnel Certifications: Installer's field supervisor shall have certification in one of the following categories from the Professional Landcare Network: a. Landscape Industry Certified Technician - Exterior. b. Landscape Industry Certified Horticultural Technician. 5. Pesticide Applicator: State licensed, commercial. B. Provide quality, size, genus, species, and variety of plants indicated, complying with applicable requirements in ANSI Z60.1. 1. Selection of plants purchased under allowances is made by Landscape Architect, who tags plants at their place of growth before they are prepared for transplanting. C. Measurements: Measure according to ANSI Z60.1. Do not prune to obtain required sizes. 1. Trees and Shrubs: Measure with branches and trunks or canes in their normal position. Take height measurements from or near the top of the root flare for field-grown stock and container- grown stock. Measure main body of tree or shrub for height and spread; do not measure branches or roots tip to tip. Take caliper measurements 6 inches (150 mm) above the root flare for trees up to 4-inch (100-mm) caliper size, and 12 inches (300 mm) above the root flare for larger sizes. 2. Other Plants: Measure with stems, petioles, and foliage in their normal position. D. Plant Material Observation: Landscape Architect may observe plant material either at place of growth or at site before planting for compliance with requirements for genus, species, variety, cultivar, size, and quality. Landscape Architect may also observe trees and shrubs further for size and condition of balls and root systems, pests, disease symptoms, injuries, and latent defects and may reject unsatisfactory or defective material at any time during progress of work. Remove rejected trees or shrubs immediately from Project site. 1. Notify Landscape Architect of sources of planting materials seven days in advance of delivery to site. E. Substitutions: Notify Landscape Architect immediately if any plant material is unavailable, but at a minimum 10 days prior to installation. Substitutions may only be made if reviewed and approved by Landscape Architect. F. Unavailability of Plant Materials: Before changes or substitutions can be made due to unavailability of plant material, submit satisfactory evidence that the Contractor has advertised for a one month period in a trade journal such as the “Landscape Materials Information Service,” with no response, or has undertaken other methods of locating plant material acceptable to the Landscape Architect. 1.10 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING A. Packaged Materials: Deliver packaged materials in original, unopened containers showing weight, certified analysis, name and address of manufacturer, and indication of compliance with state and Federal laws if applicable. B. Bulk Materials: 1. Do not dump or store bulk materials near structures, utilities, walkways and pavements, or on existing turf areas or plants. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 5 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 2. Provide erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of bulk materials; discharge of soil-bearing water runoff; and airborne dust reaching adjacent properties, water conveyance systems, or walkways. 3. Accompany each delivery of bulk materials with appropriate certificates. C. Deliver bare-root stock plants within 24 hours of digging. Immediately after digging up bare-root stock, pack root system in wet straw, hay, or other suitable material to keep root system moist until planting. Transport in covered, temperature-controlled vehicles, and keep plants cool and protected from sun and wind at all times. D. Do not prune trees and shrubs before delivery. Protect bark, branches, and root systems from sun scald, drying, wind burn, sweating, whipping, and other handling and tying damage. Do not bend or bind-tie trees or shrubs in such a manner as to destroy their natural shape. Provide protective covering of plants during shipping and delivery. Do not drop plants during delivery and handling. E. Handle planting stock by root ball. F. Store bulbs, corms, and tubers in a dry place at 60 to 65 deg F (16 to 18 deg C) until planting. G. Apply antidesiccant to trees and shrubs using power spray to provide an adequate film over trunks (before wrapping), branches, stems, twigs, and foliage to protect during digging, handling, and transportation. 1. If deciduous trees or shrubs are moved in full leaf, spray with antidesiccant at nursery before moving and again two weeks after planting. H. Wrap trees and shrubs with burlap fabric over trunks, branches, stems, twigs, and foliage to protect from wind and other damage during digging, handling, and transportation. I. Deliver plants after preparations for planting have been completed, and install immediately. If planting is delayed more than six hours after delivery, set plants and trees in their appropriate aspect (sun, filtered sun, or shade), protect from weather and mechanical damage, and keep roots moist. 1. Heel-in bare-root stock. Soak roots that are in less than moist condition in water for two hours. Reject plants with dry roots. 2. Set balled stock on ground and cover ball with soil, peat moss, sawdust, or other acceptable material. 3. Do not remove container-grown stock from containers before time of planting. 4. Water root systems of plants stored on-site deeply and thoroughly with a fine-mist spray. Water as often as necessary to maintain root systems in a moist, but not overly wet condition. 1.11 FIELD CONDITIONS A. Field Measurements: Verify actual grade elevations, service and utility locations, irrigation system components, and dimensions of plantings and construction contiguous with new plantings by field measurements before proceeding with planting work. B. Planting Restrictions: Plant during one of the following periods. Coordinate planting periods with maintenance periods to provide required maintenance from date of Substantial Completion. 1. Spring Planting: After ground has thawed through July 15 2. Fall Planting: September 1 through October 31st. C. Weather Limitations: Proceed with planting only when existing and forecasted weather conditions permit planting to be performed when beneficial and optimum results may be obtained. Apply BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 6 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE products during favorable weather conditions according to manufacturer's written instructions and warranty requirements. D. Variance: If special conditions exist that warrant a variance in the above planting dates, a written request shall be submitted to the Landscape Architect stating the special conditions and the proposed variance. Permission for the variance will be given if warranted in the opinion of the Landscape Architect. Any variance in the planting season will not affect the guarantee period. Planting season may be extended only with the written permission of the Landscape Architect. 1.12 WARRANTY A. Special Warranty: Installer agrees to repair or replace plantings and accessories that fail in materials, workmanship, or growth within specified warranty period. 1. Failures include, but are not limited to, the following: a. Death and unsatisfactory growth, except for defects resulting from abuse, lack of adequate maintenance, or neglect by Owner. b. Structural failures including plantings falling or blowing over. c. Faulty performance of [tree stabilization] [edgings] [and] [tree grates] d. Deterioration of metals, metal finishes, and other materials beyond normal weathering. 2. Warranty Periods: From date of Substantial Completion a. Trees, Shrubs, Vines, and Ornamental Grasses: 12 months. b. Ground Covers, Biennials, Perennials, and Other Plants: 12 months. c. Annuals: Three months. 3. Include the following remedial actions as a minimum: a. Immediately remove dead plants and replace unless required to plant in the succeeding planting season. b. Replace plants that are more than 25 percent dead or in an unhealthy condition at end of warranty period. c. A limit of one replacement of each plant is required except for losses or replacements due to failure to comply with requirements. d. Provide extended warranty for period equal to original warranty period, for replaced plant material. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.1 PLANT MATERIAL A. General: Furnish nursery-grown plants true to genus, species, variety, cultivar, stem form, shearing, and other features indicated in Plant List, Plant Schedule, or Plant Legend indicated on Drawings and complying with ANSI Z60.1; and with healthy root systems developed by transplanting or root pruning. Provide well-shaped, fully branched, healthy, vigorous stock, densely foliated when in leaf and free of disease, pests, eggs, larvae, and defects such as knots, sun scald, injuries, abrasions, and disfigurement. 1. Trees with damaged, crooked, or multiple leaders; tight vertical branches where bark is squeezed between two branches or between branch and trunk ("included bark"); crossing trunks; cut-off limbs more than 3/4 inch (19 mm) in diameter; or with stem girdling roots are unacceptable. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 7 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 2. Collected Stock: Do not use plants harvested from the wild, from native stands, from an established landscape planting, or not grown in a nursery unless otherwise indicated. B. Provide plants of sizes, grades, and ball or container sizes complying with ANSI Z60.1 for types and form of plants required. Plants of a larger size may be used if acceptable to Landscape Architect, with a proportionate increase in size of roots or balls. C. Root-Ball Depth: Furnish trees and shrubs with root balls measured from top of root ball, which begins at root flare according to ANSI Z60.1. Root flare shall be visible before planting. D. Labeling: Label at least one plant of each variety, size, and caliper with a securely attached, waterproof tag bearing legible designation of common name and full scientific name, including genus and species. Include nomenclature for hybrid, variety, or cultivar, if applicable for the plant. E. If formal arrangements or consecutive order of plants is indicated on Drawings, select stock for uniform height and spread, and number the labels to assure symmetry in planting. F. Annuals and Biennials: Provide healthy, disease-free plants of species and variety shown or listed, with well-established root systems reaching to sides of the container to maintain a firm ball, but not with excessive root growth encircling the container. Provide only plants that are acclimated to outdoor conditions before delivery and that are in bud but not yet in bloom. 2.2 WATER A. General: Water shall be suitable for irrigation and shall be free from ingredients harmful to plant life. 2.3 FERTILIZERS A. Planting Tablets: Tightly compressed chip-type, long-lasting, slow-release, commercial-grade planting fertilizer in tablet form. Tablets shall break down with soil bacteria, converting nutrients into a form that can be absorbed by plant roots. 1. Size and nutrient composition to be determined by results of soil test, see Section 329300 “Soil Preparation”. 2.4 MULCHES A. Organic Mulch: Free from deleterious materials and suitable as a top dressing of trees and shrubs, consisting of one of the following: 1. Type: Shredded hardwood 2. Size Range: 3 inches (76 mm) maximum, 1/2 inch (13 mm) minimum. 3. Color: Natural. B. Compost Mulch: Well-composted, stable, and weed-free organic matter, pH of 5.5 to 8; moisture content 35 to 55 percent by weight; 100 percent passing through a 1-inch (25-mm) sieve; soluble- salt content of less than 2.5dS/m; not exceeding 0.5 percent inert contaminants and free of substances toxic to plantings; and as follows: 1. Organic Matter Content: 50 to 60 percent of dry weight. 2. Feedstock: Agricultural, food, or industrial residuals; biosolids; yard trimmings; or source- separated or compostable mixed solid waste. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 8 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE C. Mineral Mulch: Hard, durable stone, washed free of loam, sand, clay, and other foreign substances, of the following type, size range, and color: 1. Type: Rounded riverbed gravel or smooth-faced stone 2. Size Range: 3/4 inch (19 mm) maximum, 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) minimum. 3. Color: Uniform tan-beige, gray color range acceptable to Landscape Architect, sample to be approved. 2.5 WEED-CONTROL BARRIERS A. Nonwoven Geotextile Filter Fabric: Polypropylene or polyester fabric, 3 oz./sq. yd. (101g/sq. m) minimum, composed of fibers formed into a stable network so that fibers retain their relative position. Fabric shall be inert to biological degradation and resist naturally encountered chemicals, alkalis, and acids. B. Composite Fabric: Woven, needle-punched polypropylene substrate bonded to a nonwoven polypropylene fabric, 4.8 oz./sq. yd. (162 g/sq. m). 2.6 PESTICIDES A. General: Pesticide registered and approved by the EPA, acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, and of type recommended by manufacturer for each specific problem and as required for Project conditions and application. Do not use restricted pesticides unless authorized in writing by authorities having jurisdiction. B. Pre-Emergent Herbicide (Selective and Nonselective): Effective for controlling the germination or growth of weeds within planted areas at the soil level directly below the mulch layer. C. Post-Emergent Herbicide (Selective and Nonselective): Effective for controlling weed growth that has already germinated. 2.7 TREE-STABILIZATION MATERIALS A. Trunk-Stabilization Materials: 1. Upright and Guy Stakes: Rough-sawn, sound, new hardwood, free of knots, holes, cross grain, and other defects, 2-by-2-inch nominal (38-by-38-mm actual) by length indicated, pointed at one end. 2. Wood Deadmen: Timbers measuring 8 inches (200 mm) in diameter and 48 inches (1200 mm) long, treated with specified wood pressure-preservative treatment. 3. Flexible Ties: Wide rubber or elastic bands or straps of length required to reach stakes or turnbuckles. 4. Guys and Tie Wires: ASTM A641/A641M, Class 1, galvanized-steel wire, two-strand, twisted, 0.106 inch (2.7 mm) in diameter. 5. Tree-Tie Webbing: UV-resistant polypropylene or nylon webbing with brass grommets. 6. Guy Cables: Five-strand, 3/16-inch- (4.8-mm-) diameter, galvanized-steel cable, with zinc- coated turnbuckles, a minimum of 3 inches (75 mm) long, with two 3/8-inch (10-mm) galvanized eyebolts. 7. Flags: Standard surveyor's plastic flagging tape, white, 6 inches (150 mm) long. B. Root-Ball Stabilization Materials: BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 9 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 1. Upright Stakes and Horizontal Hold-Down: Rough-sawn, sound, new hardwood or softwood, free of knots, holes, cross grain, and other defects, 2-by-2-inch nominal (38-by-38-mm actual) by length indicated; stakes pointed at one end. 2. Wood Screws: ASME B18.6.1. 3. Proprietary Root-Ball Stabilization Devices: Proprietary at- or below-grade stabilization systems to secure each new planting by root ball and that do not encircle the trunk; sized according to manufacturer's written recommendations unless otherwise indicated. a. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following: 1) Border Concepts, Inc; Tomahawk Tree Stabilizers. 2) Foresight Products, LLC; Duckbill Rootball Fixing System. 3) Tree Staple, Inc; Tree Staples. 2.8 LANDSCAPE EDGINGS A. Steel Edging: Standard commercial-steel edging, fabricated in sections of standard lengths, with loops stamped from or welded to face of sections to receive stakes. 1. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by the following manufacturer a. Border Concepts, Inc. commercial grade Border Stretch or Border Line 2. Edging Size: 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) thick by 6 or 4 inches (100 mm) deep; 10 or 16 foot length 3. Stakes: Tapered steel, a minimum of 15 inches (380 mm) long. 4. Accessories: Standard tapered ends, corners, and splicers. 5. Finish: Unfinished Steel 2.9 TREE-WATERING DEVICES A. Watering Pipe: PVC pipe 4 inches (100 mm) in diameter, site-cut to length as required, and with snug-fitting removable cap. B. Slow-Release Watering Device: Standard product manufactured for drip irrigation of plants and emptying its water contents over an extended period of time; manufactured from UV-light-stabilized nylon-reinforced polyethylene sheet, PVC, or HDPE plastic. 1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, [provide the following] [provide one of the following] [available products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following]: a. BIO-PLEX. b. Engineered Watering Solutions; PQ Partners, LLC. c. Greentop d. Spectrum Products, Inc.. 2. Color: black BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 10 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 2.10 MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS A. Antidesiccant: Water-insoluble emulsion, permeable moisture retarder, film forming, for trees and shrubs. Deliver in original, sealed, and fully labeled containers and mix according to manufacturer's written instructions. B. Burlap: Non-synthetic, biodegradable. C. Planter Drainage Gravel: Washed, sound crushed stone or gravel complying with ASTM D 448 for Size No. 8. D. Planter Filter Fabric: Geotextile manufactured for separation applications and made of polypropylene, polyolefin, or polyester fibers or combination of them. E. Mycorrhizal Fungi: Dry, granular inoculant containing at least 5300 spores per lb (0.45 kg) of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 95 million spores per lb (0.45 kg) of ectomycorrhizal fungi, 33 percent hydrogel, and a maximum of 5.5 percent inert material. PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.1 EXAMINATION A. Examine areas to receive plants, with Installer present, for compliance with requirements and conditions affecting installation and performance of the Work. 1. Verify that no foreign or deleterious material or liquid such as paint, paint washout, concrete slurry, concrete layers or chunks, cement, plaster, oils, gasoline, diesel fuel, paint thinner, turpentine, tar, roofing compound, or acid has been deposited in soil within a planting area. 2. Verify that plants and vehicles loaded with plants can travel to planting locations with adequate overhead clearance. 3. Suspend planting operations during periods of excessive soil moisture until the moisture content reaches acceptable levels to attain the required results. 4. Uniformly moisten excessively dry soil that is not workable or which is dusty. B. If contamination by foreign or deleterious material or liquid is present in soil within a planting area, remove the soil and contamination as directed by Landscape Architect and replace with new planting soil. C. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected. 3.2 PREPARATION A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities and turf areas and existing plants from damage caused by planting operations. B. Install erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of soils and discharge of soil- bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and walkways. C. Lay out individual tree and shrub locations and areas for multiple plantings. Stake locations, outline areas, adjust locations when requested, and obtain Landscape Architect's acceptance of layout before excavating or planting. Make minor adjustments as required. D. Lay out plants at locations directed by Landscape Architect. Stake locations of individual trees and shrubs and outline areas for multiple plantings. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 11 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 3.3 PLANTING AREA ESTABLISHMENT A. General: Prepare planting area for soil placement and mix planting soil according to Section 329113 "Soil Preparation. B. Placing Planting Soil: Place and mix planting soil in-place over exposed subgrade. C. Before planting, obtain Architect's acceptance of finish grading; restore planting areas if eroded or otherwise disturbed after finish grading. D. Application of Mycorrhizal Fungi: At time directed by Architect, broadcast dry product uniformly over prepared soil at application rate according to testing lab written recommendations if applicable. 3.4 EXCAVATION FOR TREES AND SHRUBS A. Planting Pits and Trenches: Excavate circular planting pits. 1. Excavate planting pits with sides sloping inward at a 45-degree angle. Excavations with vertical sides are unacceptable. Trim perimeter of bottom leaving center area of bottom raised slightly to support root ball and assist in drainage away from center. Do not further disturb base. Ensure that root ball will sit on undisturbed base soil to prevent settling. Scarify sides of planting pit smeared or smoothed during excavation. 2. Excavate approximately three times as wide as ball diameter for balled and burlapped or potted container grown stock. 3. For bare-root stock excavate at least 12 inches (300 mm) wider than root spread and deep enough to accommodate vertical roots. 4. Do not excavate deeper than depth of the root ball, measured from the root flare to the bottom of the root ball. 5. If area under the plant was initially dug too deep, add soil to raise it to the correct level and thoroughly tamp the added soil to prevent settling. 6. Maintain angles of repose of adjacent materials to ensure stability. Do not excavate subgrades of adjacent paving, structures, hardscapes, or other new or existing improvements. 7. Maintain supervision of excavations during working hours. 8. Keep excavations covered or otherwise protected when unattended by Installer's personnel. 9. If drain tile is indicated on Drawings or required under planting areas, excavate to top of porous backfill over tile. B. Backfill Soil: Subsoil and topsoil removed from excavations may be used as backfill soil unless otherwise indicated by soil test results or other means. C. Obstructions: Notify Landscape Architect if unexpected rock or obstructions detrimental to trees or shrubs are encountered in excavations. 1. Hardpan Layer: Drill 6-inch- (150-mm-) diameter holes, 24 inches (600 mm) apart, into free- draining strata or to a depth of 10 feet (3 m), whichever is less, and backfill with free-draining material. D. Drainage: Notify Landscape Architect if subsoil conditions evidence unexpected water seepage or retention in tree or shrub planting pits. E. Percolation Test: Test drainage of five plant beds and pits chosen by the Landscape Architect shall be done with water twice in succession. The time at which the water is put into the pit or bed for a second filling shall be noted. The Landscape Architect shall then be notified of the time it takes for pit or bed to drain completely. Planting operations shall not proceed until the Landscape Architect has reviewed the drainage test results. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 12 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 1. Notify the landscape architect in writing of all soil or drainage conditions which are considered detrimental to growth of plant material. Submit proposal and cost estimate for the correction of the conditions for Landscape Architect’s approval before starting work. 3.5 TREE, SHRUB, AND VINE PLANTING A. Inspection: At time of planting, verify that root flare is visible at top of root ball according to ANSI Z60.1. If root flare is not visible, remove soil in a level manner from the root ball to where the top-most root emerges from the trunk. After soil removal to expose the root flare, verify that root ball still meets size requirements. B. Roots: Remove stem girdling roots and kinked roots. Remove injured roots by cutting cleanly; do not break. C. Balled and Burlapped Stock: Set each plant plumb and in center of planting pit or trench with root flare 2 inches (50 mm) above adjacent finish grades. 1. Backfill: Planting soil. For trees, use excavated soil for backfill. 2. After placing some backfill around root ball to stabilize plant, carefully cut and remove all burlap, rope, and wire baskets from tops of root balls and from sides. Remove wire basket from at least one third of the top of the root ball after root ball has been stabilized. If complete removal of burlap would severely disrupt the root ball, the burlap should be pulled down so it is below the upper third of the ball. Remove pallets, if any, before setting. Do not use planting stock if root ball is cracked or broken before or during planting operation. No burlap shall emerge from the soil or be near the soil surface after the hole is backfilled. 3. Backfill around root ball in layers, tamping to settle soil and eliminate voids and air pockets. When planting pit is approximately one-half filled, water thoroughly before placing remainder of backfill. Repeat watering until no more water is absorbed. 4. If required by results of soil test (see Section 329300 “Soil Preparation”) place planting tablets equally distributed around each planting pit when pit is approximately one-half filled. Place tablets beside the root ball about 1 inch (25 mm) from root tips; do not place tablets in bottom of the hole. a. Quantity: As determined by results of soil test and manufacturer’s recommendations; see Section 329300 “Soil Preparation”. 5. Continue backfilling process. Water again after placing and tamping final layer of soil. D. Balled and Potted and Container-Grown Stock: Set each plant plumb and in center of planting pit or trench with root flare 2 inches (50 mm) above adjacent finish grades. 1. Backfill: Planting soil; For trees, use excavated soil for backfill. 2. Carefully remove root ball from container without damaging root ball or plant. 3. If the plant is pot bound, carefully make four 1” slices with a knife, spade or trowel down the sides of the pot and also slice the bottom of the root ball. Tease out roots as needed. 4. Backfill around root ball in layers, tamping to settle soil and eliminate voids and air pockets. When planting pit is approximately one-half filled, water thoroughly before placing remainder of backfill. Repeat watering until no more water is absorbed. 5. Place planting tablets equally distributed around each planting pit when pit is approximately one-half filled. Place tablets beside the root ball about 1 inch (25 mm) from root tips; do not place tablets in bottom of the hole. a. Quantity: As determined by results of soil test and manufacturer’s recommendations; see Section 329300 “Soil Preparation”. 6. Continue backfilling process. Water again after placing and tamping final layer of soil. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 13 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE E. Fabric Bag-Grown Stock: Set each plant plumb and in center of planting pit or trench with root flare 2 inches (50 mm) above adjacent finish grades. 1. Backfill: Planting soil; For trees, use excavated soil for backfill. 2. Carefully remove root ball from fabric bag without damaging root ball or plant. Do not use planting stock if root ball is cracked or broken before or during planting operation. 3. Backfill around root ball in layers, tamping to settle soil and eliminate voids and air pockets. When planting pit is approximately one-half filled, water thoroughly before placing remainder of backfill. Repeat watering until no more water is absorbed. 4. If the plant is pot bound, carefully make four 1” slices with a knife, spade or trowel down the sides of the pot and also slice the bottom of the root ball. Tease out roots as needed. 5. Continue backfilling process. Water again after placing and tamping final layer of soil. F. Bare-Root Stock: Set and support each plant in center of planting pit or trench with root flare 2 inches (50 mm) above adjacent finish grade. 1. Backfill: Planting soil; For trees, use excavated soil for backfill. 2. Spread roots without tangling or turning toward surface. Plumb before backfilling, and maintain plumb while working. 3. Carefully work backfill in layers around roots by hand. Bring roots into close contact with the soil. 4. When planting pit is approximately one-half filled, water thoroughly before placing remainder of backfill. Repeat watering until no more water is absorbed. 5. Place planting tablets equally distributed around each planting pit when pit is approximately one-half filled. Place tablets beside soil-covered roots about 1 inch (25 mm) from root tips; do not place tablets in bottom of the hole or touching the roots. a. Quantity: As determined by results of soil test and manufacturer’s recommendations; see Section 329300 “Soil Preparation”. 6. Continue backfilling process. Water again after placing and tamping final layer of soil. G. Watering Pipe: During backfilling, install watering pipe 4 feet (1.25 m) deep into the planting pit outside the root ball with top of pipe 1 inch (25 mm) above the mulched surface. H. Slopes: When planting on slopes, set the plant so the root flare on the uphill side is flush with the surrounding soil on the slope; the edge of the root ball on the downhill side will be above the surrounding soil. Apply enough soil to cover the downhill side of the root ball. 3.6 MECHANIZED TREE-SPADE PLANTING A. Trees may be planted with an approved mechanized tree spade at the designated locations. Do not use tree spade to move trees larger than the maximum size allowed for a similar field-grown, balled- and-burlapped root-ball diameter according to ANSI Z60.1, or larger than manufacturer's maximum size recommendation for the tree spade being used, whichever is smaller. B. Use the same tree spade to excavate the planting hole as will be used to extract and transport the tree. C. When extracting the tree, center the trunk within the tree spade and move tree with a solid ball of earth. D. Cut exposed roots cleanly during transplanting operations. E. Plant trees following procedures in "Tree, Shrub, and Vine Planting" Article. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 14 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE F. Where possible, orient the tree in the same direction as in its original location. 3.7 TREE, SHRUB, AND VINE PRUNING A. Remove only dead, dying, or broken branches. Do not prune for shape. B. Prune, thin, and shape trees, shrubs, and vines as directed by Landscape Architect. C. Prune, thin, and shape trees, shrubs, and vines according to standard professional horticultural and arboricultural practices. Unless otherwise indicated by Landscape Architect, do not cut tree leaders; remove only injured, dying, or dead branches from trees and shrubs; and prune to retain natural character. D. Do not apply pruning paint to wounds. 3.8 TREE STABILIZATION A. Trunk Stabilization by Staking and Guying: Install trunk stabilization as follows unless otherwise indicated on Drawings. Stake and guy trees more than 14 feet (4.2 m) in height and more than 3 inches (75 mm) in caliper unless otherwise indicated. 1. Site-Fabricated, Staking-and-Guying Method: Install no fewer than three guys spaced equally around tree. a. Securely attach guys to stakes 30 inches (760 mm) long, driven to grade. Adjust spacing to avoid penetrating root balls or root masses. Provide turnbuckle for each guy wire and tighten securely. b. For trees more than 6 inches (150 mm) in caliper, anchor guys to wood deadmen buried at least 36 inches (900 mm) below grade. Provide turnbuckle for each guy wire and tighten securely. c. Support trees with bands of flexible ties at contact points with tree trunk and reaching to turnbuckle. Allow enough slack to avoid rigid restraint of tree. d. Support trees with guy cable or multiple strands of tie wire, connected to the brass grommets of tree-tie webbing at contact points with tree trunk and reaching to turnbuckle. Allow enough slack to avoid rigid restraint of tree. e. Attach flags to each guy wire, 30 inches (760 mm) above finish grade. f. Paint turnbuckles with luminescent white paint. 2. Proprietary Staking and Guying Device: Install staking and guying system sized and positioned as recommended by manufacturer unless otherwise indicated and according to manufacturer's written instructions. B. Root-Ball Stabilization: Install at- or below-grade stabilization system to secure each new planting by the root ball unless otherwise indicated. 1. Wood Hold-Down Method: Place vertical stakes against side of root ball and drive them into subsoil; place horizontal wood hold-down stake across top of root ball and screw at each end to one of the vertical stakes. a. Install stakes of length required to penetrate at least 18 inches (450 mm) below bottom of backfilled excavation. Saw stakes off at horizontal stake. b. Install screws through horizontal hold-down and penetrating at least 1 inch (25 mm) into stakes. Predrill holes if necessary to prevent splitting wood. c. Install second set of stakes on other side of root trunk for larger trees. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 15 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 2. Proprietary Root-Ball Stabilization Device: Install root-ball stabilization system sized and positioned as recommended by manufacturer unless otherwise indicated and according to manufacturer's written instructions. 3.9 PLACING SOIL IN PLANTERS A. Place a layer of drainage gravel at least 4 inches (100 mm) thick in bottom of planter. Cover bottom with filter fabric and wrap filter fabric 6 inches (150 mm) up on all sides. Duct tape along the entire top edge of the filter fabric, to secure the filter fabric against the sides during the soil-filling process. B. Fill planter with [planting soil as indicated in Drawings]. Place soil in lightly compacted layers to an elevation of 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) below top of planter, allowing natural settlement. 3.10 PERENNIAL, ORNAMENTAL GRASS, GROUND COVER AND BULB PLANTING A. Set out and space ground cover and plants other than trees, shrubs, and vines as indicated in Drawings and Plant Schedule in even rows with triangular spacing. B. Use planting soil, amended per soil test recommendations for applicable plant types as indicated in Section 329113 Soil Preparation for backfill. C. Dig holes large enough to allow spreading of roots, 12” minimum depth, and scarify sides of hole. D. If the plant is pot bound, carefully make four 1” slices with a knife, spade or trowel down the sides of the pot and also slice the bottom of the root ball. Tease out roots as needed. E. For rooted cutting plants supplied in flats, plant each in a manner that minimally disturbs the root system but to a depth not less than two nodes. F. Work soil around roots to eliminate air pockets and leave a slight saucer indentation around plants to hold water. G. Apply slow-release fertilizer evenly, in amounts as required by soil test results and according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Do not allow fertilizer direct contact with plant roots, stems, or leaves. H. Water thoroughly after planting, taking care not to cover plant crowns with wet soil. I. Protect plants from hot sun and wind; remove protection if plants show evidence of recovery from transplanting shock. 3.11 PLANTING AREA MULCHING A. Install weed-control barriers before mulching according to manufacturer's written instructions. Completely cover area to be mulched, overlapping edges a minimum of 6 inches (150 mm) and secure seams with galvanized pins. B. Mulch backfilled surfaces of planting areas and other areas indicated. 1. Trees and Treelike Shrubs in Turf Areas: Apply organic mulch ring of 2-inch (50-mm) to 3- inch (75-mm) average thickness, to edge of tree pit in concentric circle. Do not place mulch within 3 inches (75 mm) to 6 inches (150 mm) of trunks or stems. 2. Organic Mulch in Planting Areas: Apply 2-inch (50-mm) to 3-inch (75-mm) average thickness of organic mulch extending 12 inches (300 mm) beyond edge of individual planting pit or trench BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 16 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE and over whole surface of planting area, and finish level with adjacent finish grades. Do not place mulch within 3 inches (75 mm) to 6 inches (150 mm) of trunks or stems. 3. Mineral Mulch in Planting Areas: Apply 2-inch (50-mm) average thickness of mineral mulch extending 12 inches (300 mm) beyond edge of individual planting pit or trench and over whole surface of planting area, and finish level with adjacent finish grades. Do not place mulch within 3 inches (75 mm) to 6 inches (150 mm) of trunks or stems. 3.12 EDGING INSTALLATION A. Steel Edging: Install steel edging where indicated according to manufacturer's written instructions. Anchor with steel stakes spaced approximately 30 inches (760 mm) apart, driven below top elevation of edging. B. Aluminum Edging: Install aluminum edging where indicated according to manufacturer's written instructions. Anchor with aluminum stakes spaced approximately 36 inches (900 mm) 48 inches (1200 mm) apart, driven below top elevation of edging. C. Shovel-Cut Edging: Separate mulched areas from turf areas, curbs, and paving with a 45-degree, 4- to 6-inch- (100- to 150-mm-) deep, shovel-cut edge. 3.13 INSTALLING SLOW-RELEASE WATERING DEVICE A. Provide one device for each tree. B. Place device on top of the mulch at base of tree stem and fill with water according to manufacturer's written instructions. 3.14 PLANT MAINTENANCE A. Maintain plantings by pruning, cultivating, watering, weeding, fertilizing, mulching, restoring planting saucers, adjusting and repairing tree-stabilization devices, resetting to proper grades or vertical position, and performing other operations as required to establish healthy, viable plantings. B. Fill in, as necessary, soil subsidence that may occur because of settling or other processes. Replace mulch materials damaged or lost in areas of subsidence. C. Apply treatments as required to keep plant materials, planted areas, and soils free of pests and pathogens or disease. Use integrated pest management practices when possible to minimize use of pesticides and reduce hazards. Treatments include physical controls such as hosing off foliage, mechanical controls such as traps, and biological control agents. 3.15 PESTICIDE APPLICATION A. Apply pesticides and other chemical products and biological control agents according to authorities having jurisdiction and manufacturer's written recommendations. Coordinate applications with Owner's operations and others in proximity to the Work. Notify Owner before each application is performed. B. Pre-Emergent Herbicides (Selective and Nonselective): Apply to tree, shrub, and ground-cover areas according to manufacturer's written recommendations. Do not apply to seeded areas. C. Post-Emergent Herbicides (Selective and Nonselective): Apply only as necessary to treat already- germinated weeds and according to manufacturer's written recommendations. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 17 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 3.16 REPAIR AND REPLACEMENT A. General: Repair or replace existing or new trees and other plants that are damaged by construction operations, in a manner approved by Landscape Architect. 1. Submit details of proposed pruning and repairs. 2. Perform repairs of damaged trunks, branches, and roots within 24 hours, if approved. 3. Replace trees and other plants that cannot be repaired and restored to full-growth status, as determined by Landscape Architect. B. Remove and replace existing or new trees that are more than 25 percent dead or in an unhealthy condition before the end of the corrections period or are damaged during construction operations that Landscape Architect determines are incapable of restoring to normal growth pattern. 1. Provide new trees of same size as those being replaced for each tree of 6 inches (150 mm) or smaller in caliper size. 2. Provide two new tree(s) of 4-inch (100-mm) caliper size for each tree being replaced that measure more than 6 inches (150 mm) in caliper size. 3. Species of Replacement Trees: Species selected by Landscape Architect. 3.17 CLEANING AND PROTECTION A. During planting, keep adjacent paving and construction clean and work area in an orderly condition. Clean wheels of vehicles before leaving site to avoid tracking soil onto roads, walks, or other paved areas. B. Remove surplus soil and waste material including excess subsoil, unsuitable soil, trash, and debris and legally dispose of them off Owner's property. C. Protect plants from damage due to landscape operations and operations of other contractors and trades. Maintain protection during installation and maintenance periods. Treat, repair, or replace damaged plantings. D. After installation and before Substantial Completion, remove nursery tags, nursery stakes, tie tape, labels, wire, burlap, and other debris from plant material, planting areas, and Project site. E. At time of Substantial Completion, verify that tree-watering devices are in good working order and leave them in place. Replace improperly functioning devices. 3.18 MAINTENANCE SERVICE A. Maintenance Service for Trees and Shrubs: Provide maintenance by skilled employees of landscape Installer. Maintain as required in "Plant Maintenance" Article. Begin maintenance immediately after plants are installed and continue until plantings are acceptably healthy and well established, but for not less than maintenance period below: 1. Maintenance Period: 12 months from date of Substantial Completion. BTV – East Airport Drive – Phase I 329300- 18 WAGNER HODGSON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE B. Maintenance Service for Ground Cover and Other Plants: Provide maintenance by skilled employees of landscape Installer. Maintain as required in "Plant Maintenance" Article. Begin maintenance immediately after plants are installed and continue until plantings are acceptably healthy and well established, but for not less than maintenance period below: 1. Maintenance Period: 12 months from date of Substantial Completion. END OF SECTION 329300